Word Finder - syllogisms

definition

An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion.

definition

A trick, artifice; an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument; a sophism.

He did not regard logic as a branch of mathematics, as the title of his earlier pamphlet might be taken to imply, but he pointed out such a deep analogy between the symbols of algebra and those which can be made, in his opinion, to represent logical forms and syllogisms, that we can hardly help saying that logic is mathematics restricted to the two quantities, o and 1.

It is perhaps not wholly fanciful to connect with this attitude the fact that Aristotle's pupils dealt with a surer hand than the master with the conclusions from premises of unlike modality, and that a formal advance of some significance attributable to Theophrastus and Eudemus is the doctrine of the hypothetical and disjunctive syllogisms.

Disjunctive " Syllogisms" are those in which one premise is a disjunctive proposition, the other a categorical proposition which states or denies one of the two alternatives set forth.

I (see above) having many middle terms; it is really a series of syllogisms (a polysyllogism), each one proving a premise of another, the intermediate conclusions being suppressed.

Moreover, it is clear that Aristotle addressed himself to readers as well as hearers, as in concluding his whole theory of syllogisms he says, " There would remain for all of you or for our hearers (763,7 co y uµWV rt T&?v ipcpoapEVwv) a duty of according to the defects of the investigation consideration, to its discoveries much gratitude " (Sophistical Elenchi, 34, 184 b 6).

He may have laid out the sequence of syllogisms from the Analytics onwards; but how about the Categories and the De Interpretatione?

A degenerate society cared nothing for syllogisms grown threadbare by repetition.

His name has been preserved chiefly by some celebrated, though false and captious, syllogisms of which he was the reputed author.

Accordingly, however expressed, the syllogisms quoted above are, as thought, ordinary syllogisms, (I) being Camestres in the second figure, (2) and (3) Barbara in the first figure.

Since Mill's time, however, the logic of induction tends to revert towards syllogisms more like that of Aristotle.

Secondly, a subordinate point in Bradley's logic is that there are inferences which are not syllogisms; and this is true.

Both are syllogisms, though in different points of view.

The premises of scientific syllogisms may equally be dismissed.

To the same class belong the treatise To Ablavius, against the tritheists; On Faith, against the Arians; On Common Notions, in explanation of the terms in current employment with regard to the Trinity; Ten Syllogisms, against the Manichaeans; To Theophilus, against the Apollinarians; an Antirrhetic against the same; Against Fate, a disputation with a heathen philosopher; De anima et resurrectione, a dialogue with his dying sister Macrina; and the Oratio catechetica magna, an argument for the incarnation as the best possible form of redemption, intended to convince educated pagans and Jews.

The parts of logic which he treated with most minuteness are modal propositions and modal syllogisms. In commenting on Aristotle's Ethics he dealt in a very independent manner with the question of free will, his conclusions being remarkably similar to those of John Locke.

C is B Conclusion Syllogisms differ in (a) " figure " and (b) " mood."

Hypothetical " Syllogisms " are those in which one premise is a hypothetical proposition, the other a categorical.

Aristotelian syllogisms constituted the deductive schemas for logical inference and were relatively uncontroversial.

The ratiocinative parts of the Phaedo thrown into syllogisms may be easily demolished by a hostile logician; but in the dialogue as a whole there is a subtle spirit and cumulative force which logic can neither seize nor answer " (Studies in the Philosophy of Religion, p. 226, 1876).