Word Finder - serum

definition

The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

synonyms

• blood serum

definition

Blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual, called antiserum.

definition

A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.

definition

The watery portion of certain animal fluids like blood, milk, etc; whey.

definition

(skincare) An intensive moisturising product to be applied after cleansing but before a general moisturiser.

If my serum worked, then we know her blood will give immunity.

In other words the substances, which when forming part of the cells fix the toxin to the cells, constitute antitoxin molecules when free in the serum.

It has been completely established that in this phenomenon of lysogenesis there are two substances concerned, one specially developed or developed in excess, and the other present in normal serum.

Another property which may be possessed by an anti-bacterial serum is that of agglutination.

Shortly afterwards Widal and also Griinbaum showed that the serum of patients suffering from typhoid fever, even at an early stage of the disease, agglutinated the typhoid bacillus - a fact which laid the foundation of serum diagnosis.

Kruse and C. Nicolle have found that if a bacterial culture be filtered germ-free, an agglutinating serum still produces some change in it, so that particles suspended in it become gathered into clumps.

In estimating the opsonic power of the serum in cases of disease a control with normal serum is made at the same time and under precisely the same conditions.

The average number of bacteria contained within leucocytes in the case tested, divided by the number given by the normal serum, is called the phagocytic index.

Wright and Douglas showed that under these conditions phagocytosis might occur when a small quantity of normal serum was present, whereas it was absent when normal salt solution was substituted for the serum; the latter thus contained substances which made the organisms susceptible to the action of the phagocytosis.

Various observers had previously found that the serum of an animal immunized against (a) Lysogenic action.

On the contrary the labile opsonins of normal serum have a comparatively general action on different organisms. It is quite evident that the specific immune-opsonins may play a very important part in the phenomena of immunity, as by their means the organisms are taken up more actively by the phagocytic cells, and thereafter may undergo rapid disintegration.

The object in such treatment is to raise the opsonic index of the serum, this being taken as an indication of increased immunity.

Active immunity has thus been shown to be associated with the presence of certain anti-substances in the serum.

The increased ingestion of bacteria in active immunity would seem to depend upon the presence of immune opsonins in the serum.

Evidence has been brought forward within recent years that the leucocytes may constitute an important source of the antagonistic substances which appear in the serum.

Variations in chemiotaxis towards different organisms probably depend in natural conditions, as well as in active immunity, upon the opsonic content of the serum.

The blood serum has a direct bactericidal action on certain bacteria, as tested outside the body, and this also varies in different animals.

Thus the serum of the white rat, which is immune to anthrax, kills the bacillus; whereas the serum of the guinea-pig, which is susceptible, has no such effect.

The serum of the susceptible rabbit, for example, is bactericidal to this organism, whilst the serum of the immune dog is not.

In the case of the latter animal the serum infective conditions led Metchnikoff to place great p g importance on phagocytosis.

Lithium salts render the urine alkaline and are in virtue of their action diuretic. They are much prescribed for acute or chronic gout, and as a solvent to uric acid calculi or gravel, but their action as a solvent of uric acid has been certainly overrated, as it has been shown that the addition of medicinal doses of lithium to the blood serum does not increase the solubility of uric acid in it.

Haematogen, introduced by Hommel, claims to contain the albuminous constituents of the blood serum and all the blood salts as well as pure haemoglobin.

Further, the serum of a patient affected with one of the types has a marked agglutinative power on the variety with which he is infected and not on the other.

In due time the horse is bled, the serum is filtered free of blood corpuscles, and then constitutes the antitoxic serum, which can be standardized to a certain potency.

They were a finicky lot, lasting only two to three days in the human world before the serum that change their features wore off.

The mRNA was positively correlated with its simultaneous serum levels, and was higher in G/G genotype.

Dry mouth, transient rise of serum alanine aminotransferase values and sleeping disorders have been reported more frequently than in patients receiving placebo.

A further bovine blood product, bovine serum albumin (BSA ), is often added to serum for nutritional purposes.

Most patients with advanced disease will have a low serum albumin.

It is interesting that several authors have suggested that increased serum ammonia levels may initiate migraine episodes.

Whilst I know this results in hugely raised serum amylase assays, I have not been able to find out how common it is?

Androgen receptor blockade might be potentiated by a reduction of serum androgen receptor blockade might be potentiated by a reduction of serum androgens.

Diagnosis can be confirmed by needle aspiration which shows a creatinine level equivalent to serum.

Animal survival was not modified and serum autoantibody levels were similar in exposed and sham-exposed groups.

A serum bile acid test is not widely available.

At 14.25 hours the serum bilirubin test showed raised bilirubin test showed raised bilirubin and it was decided to give phototherapy, which was commenced at 16.00 hours.

All the liver tests should be normal apart from the serum bilirubin, which is increased.

The patient's serum biochemistry normalized after removal of the adenoma.

This will include the use of bovine material in nutrient broths, fetal calf serum and the use of bovine serum albumin.

Basal serum calcitonin levels fell only moderately, suggesting distant micrometastases.

Within 1 month of glucocorticosteroid therapy, reduction in serum immunoglobulins is noted because of increased catabolism.

Aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solutions are used, occasionally with the inclusion of bovine serum.

Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure.

Several prognostic factors and serum rituximab concentrations are useful for predicting the therapeutic efficacy.

Needle sensation did not correlate with serum cortisol levels.

Strength significantly improved without changes in motor units by EMG or in serum creatine kinase levels.

Remember that many patients have low serum creatinine initially therefore a good guide to toxicity is a doubling of the initial creatinine.

Care with ACE inhibitors is required in the presence of peripheral vascular disease or raised serum creatinine.

The retrograde route is preferred for patients presenting less acutely with elevated serum creatinine or pain.

Serum urea and electrolytes and creatinine to assess renal function (but a normal serum creatinine does not rule out obstruction ).