definition
Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch (or pope)
definition
Describing the year of a monarch's reign starting from the date of accession
definition
Relating to a regnum
definition
Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch (or pope)
definition
Describing the year of a monarch's reign starting from the date of accession
definition
Relating to a regnum
In process of time, however, the custom of dating by the regnal year of the king became general.
It is significant in this connexion that it was under Adrian (c. 774) that the papal chancery ceased to date by the regnal years of the Eastern emperor and substituted that of the pontificate.
From the Middle Kingdom onward to the Roman period, the dates upon Egyptian documents are given in regnal years.
The question arises from what point these regnal dates were calculated.
Historical.As to absolute chronology, the assigning of a regnal year to a definite date B.C. is clear enough (except in occasional detail) from the conquest by Alexander onwards.
Records of the time that has elapsed between two regnal dates in the reigns of different kings are very helpful; thus stelae from the Serapeum recording the ages of the Apis bulls with the dates of their birth and death have fixed the chronology of the XXVIth Dynasty.
The XXVIth Dynasty, which lasted 139 years, is particularly clear, and synchronisms fix, its regnal dates to the years B.C. within an error of one or two years at most.
The succession and number of the kings are also ascertained for other dynasties, together with many regnal dates, but very serious gaps exist in the records of the Egyptian monuments, the wo,rst being between the XIIth and the XVIIIth Dynasties, between the XIth and the VIth, and at Dynasties 1.-Ill.
In the Mercian regnal tables, however, he is assigned a reign of only twenty-one years, which, as his death took place in 654 or 655, would give 634 as the date of his accession, presumably on the overthrow of Edwin, or perhaps on that of Ceadwalla.
Probably neither the Sothic nor any other era was employed by the ancient Egyptians, who dated solely by regnal years (see below).
Gildas does not mention any dates, not even any regnal years.
King Oswald was the great royal saint of the Kingdom of Northumbria; his regnal dates are 633 - 641.
The compiler of this work, however, seems to have used a regnal list of the Bernician kings, which differed considerably from most of those found in our early authorities.
The careful statement of the ages of the animals in the later instances, with the regnal dates for their birth, enthronization and death have thrown much light on the chronology from the XXIInd dynasty onwards.
When the need began to be felt events were probably at first dated by the regnal years of kings; the reigns of successive kings were then arranged in order, and grouped, if necessary, in dynasties, and thus a fixed standard was gradually constructed.
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