noun
definition
Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity.
definition
The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events; a moment.
Examples of momentum in a Sentence
Using her momentum, he swung her over his head.
Her body continued its momentum down the hill and she fell, twisting so that she wouldn't fall on the kid.
The velocity of propagation of a torsional disturbance along a wire of circular section may be found by the transfer of momentum method, remembering that we must now replace linear momentum by angular momentum.
Momentum (quantity of motion) is the product of mass and velocity.
Read on to see how that momentum has built over time, and continues to build.
In fluid movements, he shook out a noose, swung it a few times to get momentum and then threw it at the limb.
Consider a submarine boat or airship moving freely with the direction of the resultant momentum horizontal, and the axis at a slight inclination 0.
If the velocity of a particle at A relative to the undisturbed parts is u from left to right, the velocity of the matter moving out at A is U - u, and the momentum carried out by the moving matter is p(U - u) 2.
It was a long and wearing fight, in which the British lost 485 killed and wounded, and what was more serious, Lord Methuen (himself wounded) found that his force had exhausted its forward momentum, and that he would have to collect supplies and reinforcements on the Modder before fighting his next battle.
But the tension at P is T, parallel to the tangent, and T sin 4 parallel to PM, and through this - T sin is the momentum passing out at P per second.
Equating this to the momentum entering at B and subtracting P' from each X+W+p(U - u)2 =poU 2.
But it has velocity U, and therefore momentum poU 2 is carried in.
One office procedure gaining momentum is Thermage.
If there are no extraneous forces, the moment of momentum about any fixed axis is constant.
It was time to pursue his duties relentlessly to continue to build momentum.
The time rate of increase of momentum of the fluid inside S is )dxdydz; (5) and (5) is the sum of (I), (2), (3), (4), so that /if (dpu+dpu2+dpuv +dpuw_ +d p j d xdyd z = o, (b)` dt dx dy dz dx / leading to the differential equation of motion dpu dpu 2 dpuv dpuv _ X_ (7) dt + dx + dy + dz with two similar equations.
Conversely, if the kinetic energy T is expressed as a quadratic function of x, x x3, y1, y2, y3, the components of momentum, the partial differential coefficient with respect to a momentum component will give the component of velocity to correspond.
The effect of an external circulation of vortex motion on the motion of a cylinder has been investigated in § 29; a similar procedure will show the influence of circulation through a hole in a solid, taking as the simplest illustration a ring-shaped figure, with uniplanar motion, and denoting by the resultant axial linear momentum of the circulation.
Since the condition of the medium between A and B remains constant, even though the matter is continually changing, the momentum possessed by the matter between A and B is constant.
The total momentum moving in at B is therefore P+poU 2.
There is also the " external " applied pressure X, and the total momentum flowing out per second is X-I-P4-W-1-p(U - u)2.
The pressure on CD is equal to the A C momentum which it receives per second.
We shall find the velocity of propagation, just as in previous cases, from the consideration of transfer of momentum.
The material between A and B, though continually changing, is always in the same condition, and therefore the momentum within AB is constant.
Lord Kelvin was thereby induced to identify magnetic force with rotation, involving, therefore, angular momentum in the aether.
Long previously Lord Kelvin himself came nearer this view, in offering the opinion that magnetism consisted, in some way, in the angular momentum of the material molecules, of which the energy of irregular translations constitutes.
He supplied the momentum which was necessary to counteract the caution of Burghley and Elizabeth; but it was probably fortunate that his headstrong counsels were generally overruled by the circumspection of his sovereign.
If the hounds jump at the brook, even though they fail to clear it, the rider may take it for granted that at that place the leap is within the capacity of any ordinary hunter in his stride; hence if, when going at three parts speed, a horse's feet come just right to take off, the mere momentum of his body would take him over a place 15 ft.
But instead of returning to the concrete fact of the equivalence of momentum, by which each body moving makes the other move oppositely, he denied that bodies do reciprocally act on one another, and even that bodies as mutually resisting substances press one another apart in collision.
From slow beginnings these factors kept gaining momentum until they compassed the overthrow of the mighty order of the Jesuits, and culminated in the revolutionary spoliation of the Church.
What progress reform made during his pontificate was due to its acquired momentum, rather than to the zeal of the pope.
The mechanism is the same, but in one case we have diffusion of momentum, in the other case diffusion of heat.
This, at first sight, paradoxical result is explained by the fact that the mean free path of each molecule increases in the same proportion as the density is diminished, so that as the number of molecules crossing each square centimetre decreases, the distance to which each carries its momentum increases, and the total transfer of momentum is unaffected by variation of density.
For the more equal distribution of the water over the surface of the beds from the conductor and feeders, small masses, such as stones or solid portions of earth or turf fastened with pins, are placed in them, in order to retard the momentum which the water may have acquired.
When the angular momentum is too great for the usual spheroidal form to persist, this gives place to an ellipsoid with three unequal axes; this is succeeded by a pear-shaped form.
As the simple star radiates heat and contracts, it retains its angular momentum; when this is too great for the spheroidal form to persist, the star may ultimatel y separate into two components, which are driven farther and farther apart by their mutual tides.
The product mu of the mass into the velocity is called the momentum or (in Newtons phrase) the quantity of motion.
The unit of force implied in (I) is that which produces unit momentum in unit time.
The statement that the increase of momentum is equal to the impulse is (it may be remarked) equivalent to Newtons own formulation of his Second Law.
In problems of impact we have to deal with cases of practically instantaneous impulse, where a very great and rapidly varying force produces an appreciable change of momentum in an exceedingly minute interval of time.
We infer that on our reckoning the force of gravity on a mass m is to be measured by mg, the momentum produced per second when this force acts alone.
If two masses m1, nil moving in the same straight line impinge, with the result that the velocities are changed from u1, u2, to ui, ui, then, since the impulses on the two bodies must be equal and opposite, the total momentum is unchanged, i.e.
The momentum of a particle is the vector obtained by multiplying the velocity by the mass in.
Newtons Second Law asserts that change of momentum is equal to the impulse; this is a statement as to equality of vectors and so implies identity of direction as well as of magnitude.
Since the impulse of the force in any element of time & has zero moment about 0, the same will be true of the additional momentum generated.
Hence th,l moment of the momentum (considered as a localized vector) about 0 will be constant.
The first of these may be called the Principle of Linear Momentum.
If there are no extraneous forces, the resultant linear momentum is constant in every respect.
If extraneous forces act, it is seen in like manner that the resultant linear momentum of the system is in any given time modified by the geometric additiofi of the total impulse of the extraneous forces.
The second general result is the Principle of Angular Momentum.