Word Finder - hemoglobin

definition

The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).

There is a reduction in cardiac output and an increase in hemoglobin oxygen affinity.

If you are anemic, you have too little hemoglobin because you have too few red blood cells.

The abnormal form of hemoglobin causes the red cells to become sickle-shaped.

Sickle cell anemia is usually inherited from parents who are carriers, who have the sickle cell trait-a milder form of sickle cell anemia, or one abnormal hemoglobin.

Sickle cell anemia is caused by an error in the gene that signals the body how to make hemoglobin.

The defective gene tells the body to make the abnormal hemoglobin HbS instead of the normal HbA, and this results in deformed red blood cells.

The error in the hemoglobin gene is due to a genetic mutation that occurred many thousands of years ago in people living in Africa, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, and India.

For children who are not tested, an electrophoresis test of the blood can detect the abnormal hemoglobin of sickle cell anemia.

This test measures the speed at which a molecule moves in a gel and can detect abnormal hemoglobin HbS.

Drug research is focused on identifying drugs, such as hydroxyurea, that can increase the level of fetal hemoglobin in the blood.

Fetal hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that all humans produce before birth, but most stop producing it after birth.

Fetal hemoglobin seems to prevent "sickling" of red cells, and cells containing fetal hemoglobin tend to survive longer in the bloodstream.

Butyrate, a substance widely used as a food additive, was also being investigated as of 2004 as an agent that may increase fetal hemoglobin production.

If one partner has sickle cell trait and the other does not, their children each have a 50 percent chance of having the sickle cell trait, and a 50 percent chance of having normal hemoglobin.

Sickle cell trait-Condition that occurs in people who have one of two possible genes responsible for the abnormal hemoglobin of sickle cell anemia.

H. "Therapies to increase fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease."

Based on results of this study, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends routine glycated hemoglobin testing to measure long-term control of blood sugar.

The glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin test is used to monitor the effectiveness of diabetes treatment.

Glycated hemoglobin is a test that indicates how much glucose was in a person's blood during a two- to three-month window beginning about four weeks prior to sampling.

The normal range for glycated hemoglobin measured as HbA 1c is 3 to 6 percent.

Splenectomy can result in an increase and hemolytic anemia can result in a decrease in glycated hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin-A test that measures the amount of hemoglobin bound to glucose.

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that resides within the red blood cells.

A very small fraction of hemoglobin spontaneously oxidizes per day, producing a protein of a slightly different structure called methemoglobin.

Poisoning by nitrite (or nitrate after its conversion to nitrite) results in the inability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen throughout the body.

Adverse symptoms occur when over 30 percent of the hemoglobin has been converted to methemoglobin.

Methemoglobin-A compound formed from hemoglobin by oxidation of its iron component.

The porphyrias are disorders in which the body produces too much porphyrin and insufficient heme (an iron-containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule).

In immature red blood cells, heme is the featured component of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is the red pigment that gives red blood cells their characteristic color and their essential ability to transport oxygen.

Heme-The iron-containing molecule in hemoglobin that serves as the site for oxygen binding.

Porphyrin-An organic compound found in living things that founds the foundation structure for hemoglobin, chlorophyll, and other respiratory pigments.

Protoporphyrin-A kind of porphyrin that links with iron to form the heme of hemoglobin.

Iron is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the chemical in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells.

Anemia in newborn infants is noted when hemoglobin levels are lower than expected for the birth weight and postnatal age.

Premature or low birth-weight infants may have lower hemoglobin levels.

It must be noted, however, that hemoglobin decreases naturally (physiologic decrease) in infants by eight to 12 weeks of age, leveling at a normal value of 11 g/dL or better.

An inherited form of hemolytic anemia, thalassemia comes from the production of abnormal hemoglobin.

It is characterized by low hemoglobin and unusually small and fragile RBCs (microcytosis), although the RBC count may be normal.

Thalassemia has several types that involve imbalances in the four chains of amino acids that comprise hemoglobin (alpha- and beta-globins).

In thalassemia minor, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), the hemoglobin form that circulates in the fetus, does not decrease normally after birth and may remain high in later life.

It is known as beta-thalassemia, because of an imbalance in the beta chain amino acids of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin H disease is another form of thalassemia in which three of the four beta-globin genes are missing.

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited, chronic, incurable blood disorder that causes the body to produce defective hemoglobin, the abnormal HgbS, which occurs primarily in African Americans.

Unlike normal oval cells, fragile sickle cells cannot hold enough hemoglobin to nourish body tissues.

Sources of iron such as liver, red meat, whole grains, and poultry may help maintain hemoglobin levels and reduce the likelihood of deficiency-related anemias.

Megaloblast-A large erythroblast (a red marrow cell that synthesizes hemoglobin).

Red blood cells-Cells that carry hemoglobin (the molecule that transports oxygen) and help remove wastes from tissues throughout the body.

Thalassemia describes a group of inherited disorders characterized by reduced or absent amounts of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.