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The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.
example
Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!
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Terrain.
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Soil, earth.
example
The fox escaped from the hounds by going to ground.
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The bottom of a body of water.
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Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork.
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(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause.
example
He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.
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Background, context, framework, surroundings.
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The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, "to give ground" or "to gain ground".
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(by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse.
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The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set.
example
crimson flowers on a white ground
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In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief.
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In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied.
example
Brussels ground
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In etching, a gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
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(chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached.
example
Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
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A soccer stadium.
example
Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.
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An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).
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The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground).
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A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.
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The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
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The pit of a theatre.