noun
definition
A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
example
Chromosomes store genetic information.
Examples of chromosomes in a Sentence
Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs.
The number of chromosomes in the nucleus of the two spores, pollen-grain and embryo-sac, is only half the number found in an ordinary vegetative nucleus.
Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are matched into 23 pairs.
Eight chromosomes appear again in the ultimate divisions which give rise to the carpospores.
The chromosomes can be seen by obtaining a blood sample.
He finds that eight chromosomes appear in karyokinesis in the ordinary thallus cells, but sixteen in the gonimoblast filaments derived from the fertilized carpogonium.
When a baby is conceived by combining one sperm cell with one egg cell, the baby receives 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Chromosomes contain genes that regulate the function and development of the body.
The 46 chromosomes in the human body are divided into pairs based on their physical characteristics.
In answer to this question a recent writer, Yamanouchi, states in a preliminary communication that he has found that in Polysiphonia violacea the germinating carpospores exhibit forty chromosomes, and the germinating tetraspores twenty chromosomes.
Moreover, it is known that the reduction in the number of chromosomes which occurs at the initiation of the gametophyte generation in Pteridophyta occurs of the various constituent groups.
The nuclei of the cells of the sexual generation possess a definite number of chromosomes and this number is also characteristic of the sexual cells.
It is possible, however, that the segregation of characters in the gametes may depend upon something far more subtle and elusive than the chromosomes or even of possible combinations of units within the chromosomes, but so far as we can see at present these are the only structures in the cell with which it can be satisfactorily associated.
From numerous investigations which have been made to trace the chromosomes through the various stages of the nuclear ontogeny of plant cells, it appears that the individuality and continuity of the chromosomes can only be conceived as possible if we assume the existence of something like chromosome centres in the resting nucleus around which the chromosomes become organized fon purposes of division.
A female child inherits two X chromosomes, while a male child inherits an X chromosome from one parent and a Y chromosome from the other.
Chromosomes are made up of hundreds of small units known as genes, which contain the genetic material necessary for an individual to develop and function.
However, this affects males and females differently because males and females have a different number of X chromosomes.
An autosomal gene is a gene that is located on one of the autosomes or non-sex chromosomes.
He or she starts with the detailed history of the family's background, looks at the child's features and orders blood tests to look at the 46 chromosomes and possibly at specific genes on those chromosomes.
A special type of blood test called a karyotype may be done to analyze the girl's chromosomes if the doctor suspects Turner's syndrome or another genetic disorder.
A female who carries a defective recessive gene on one of her two X chromosomes will not have the disease because she also has one good X chromosome.
X-linked-A gene carried on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes.
Sometimes, the genetic sex (as indicated by chromosomes) may not match the appearance of the external sex organs.
As of 2004, the A-T diagnosis is usually based on the characteristic clinical findings and supported by laboratory tests that point to a defect of DNA (genes and chromosomes) and to an inability to repair some types of damage to DNA.
Cells of the body, with the exception of the egg and sperm cells, contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Each parent normally gives a child 23 chromosomes.
Any abnormality in chromosomes or sex hormones, or in the unborn baby's response to the hormones, can lead to an intersex state in a newborn.
Individuals with A-T have an increased frequency of spontaneous breaks in their chromosomes as well as an increased frequency of chromosomal rearrangements.
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality occurring only in females in whom one of the X chromosomes is missing or defective.
Cytogenic and molecular genetic studies, which assess the structure and composition of chromosomes and genes, may also be used to diagnose osteosarcoma.
Unlike the other MPS conditions, MPS II is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, which means that the gene causing the condition is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes.
Because they have two X chromosomes, they are carriers of the disorder if one of their X chromosomes has the gene that causes the condition, while the other X chromosome does not.
X-linked gene-A gene carried on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes.
Genes are located on chromosomes and serve to direct specific developments and processes within the body.
In about 5 percent of cases, retardation is transmitted genetically, usually through abnormalities in chromosomes, such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome.
Approximately 5 to 8 percent of individuals with retinoblastoma possess a chromosomal abnormality involving the RB1 gene that can be detected by looking at their chromosomes under the microscope.
If this type of chromosomal abnormality is detected in a child, then analysis of the parents' chromosomes should be performed.
X chromosome-One of the two sex chromosomes (the other is Y) that determine a person's gender.
Normal males have both an X and a Y chromosome, and normal females have two X chromosomes.
Children normally inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Sometimes a child may end up with more than 46 chromosomes because of problems with the father's sperm or the mother's egg or because of mutations that occurred after the sperm and the egg fused to form the embryo (conception).
There is no production of extra chromosomes, but a portion of each affected chromosome is "misplaced" (translocated) to another chromosome.
Karyotyping involves the separation and isolation of the chromosomes present in cells taken from an individual.
The 22 non-sex linked chromosomes are identified by size, from largest to smallest, as chromosomes 1 through 22.
Chromosomes are separated from cells, stained, and arranged in order from largest to smallest so that their number and structure can be studied under a microscope.
Mosaicism-A genetic condition resulting from a mutation, crossing over, or nondisjunction of chromosomes during cell division, causing a variation in the number of chromosomes in the cells.
A balanced translocation occurs when pieces from two different chromosomes exchange places without loss or gain of any chromosome material.
An unbalanced translocation involves the unequal loss or gain of genetic information between two chromosomes.
In autosomal dominant inheritance, a single abnormal gene on one of the autosomal chromosomes (one of the first 22 non-sex chromosomes) from either parent can cause the disease.
Genetic-Refers to genes, the basic units of biological heredity, which are contained on the chromosomes.