definition
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
definition
Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.
example
arithmetic geometry
definition
Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.
example
arithmetic progression
Her progress in arithmetic has been equally remarkable.
I study about the earth, and the animals, and I like arithmetic exceedingly.
It was not a special subject, like geography or arithmetic, but her way to outward things.
I go to school every day I am studying reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and language.
She has nearly finished Colburn's mental arithmetic, her last work being in improper fractions.
I did a little arithmetic.
Arithmetic seems to have been the only study I did not like.
Long before I learned to do a sum in arithmetic or describe the shape of the earth, Miss Sullivan had taught me to find beauty in the fragrant woods, in every blade of grass, and in the curves and dimples of my baby sister's hand.
As to the teaching of algebra, see references under Arithmetic to works on the teaching of elementary mathematics.
My studies for the first year were English history, English literature, German, Latin, arithmetic, Latin composition and occasional themes.
I used to say I did not like arithmetic very well, but now I have changed my mind.
If I suggest her leaving a problem in arithmetic until the next day, she answers, "I think it will make my mind stronger to do it now."
The Koran, sacred and secular law, logic, poetry, arithmetic, with some medicine and geography, are the chief subjects of study.
Now, to speak the truth, I had but ten cents in the world, and it surpassed my arithmetic to tell, if I was that man who had ten cents, or who had a farm, or ten dollars, or all together.
It was a long time before decimal arithmetic came into general use, and all through the 17th century exponential marks were in common use.
The arithmetic of real numbers follows from appropriate definitions of the operations of addition and multiplication.
The addition and multiplication of these "signed" real numbers is suitably defined, and it is proved that the usual arithmetic of such numbers follows.
This was Lucas Paciolus (Lucas de Burgo), a Minorite friar, who, having previously written works on algebra, arithmetic and geometry, published, in 1494, his principal work, entitled Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita.
Somewhat later he became Otto's instructor in arithmetic, and had been appointed archbishop of Ravenna before May 998.
Algebraic treatment consists in replacing either of the terms A or B by an expression which we know from the laws of arithmetic to be equivalent to it.
I still regarded arithmetic as a system of pitfalls.
The parents and guardians were called upon to select whether each child should learn English or Italian next after learning reading, writing and arithmetic in Maltese.
In 1830 appeared the first edition of his well-known Elements of Arithmetic, which did much to raise the character of elementary training.
It is incumbent upon the clergy to see that all children are taught reading, writing and arithmetic. The people are great readers; considering the number of the inhabitants, books and periodicals have a very extensive circulation.
Integer Arithmetic By default, Perl assumes that it must do most of its arithmetic in floating point.
This led to the idea of algebra as generalized arithmetic.
He recognizes political economy and statistics as alike sciences, and represents the distinction between them as having never been made before him, though he quotes what Smith had said of political arithmetic. While deserving the praise of honesty, sincerity and independence, he is inferior to his predecessor in breadth of view on moral and political questions.
As a branch of mathematics, arithmetic may be treated logically, psychologically, or historically.
Text-books on arithmetic in general and on particular applications are numerous, and any list would soon be out of date.
In his admirable papers upon the modes of teaching arithmetic and geometry, originally published in the Quarterly Journal of Education (reprinted in The Schoolmaster, vol ii.), he remonstrated against the neglect of logical doctrine.
Wollaston's theory of moral evil as consisting in the practical contradiction of a true proposition, closely resembles the most paradoxical part of Clarke's doctrine, and was not likely to approve itself to the strong common sense of Butler; but his statement of happiness or pleasure as a " justly desirable " end at which every rational being " ought " to aim corresponds exactly to Butler's conception of self-love as a naturally governing impulse; while' the " moral arithmetic " with which he compares pleasures and pains, and endeavours to make the notion of happiness quantitatively precise, is an anticipation of Benthamism.
He also wrote or edited various Chinese works on geography, the celestial and terrestrial spheres, geometry and arithmetic. And the detailed history of the mission was drawn out by him, which after his death was brought home by P. Nicolas Trigault, and published at Augsburg, and later in a complete form at Lyons under the name De Expeditione Christiana apud Sinas Suscepta, ab Soc. Jesu, Ex P. Mat.
In 1768 he published the Farmer's Letters to the People of England, in 1771 the Farmer's Calendar, which went through a great number of editions, and in 1774 his Political Arithmetic, which was widely translated.
The first contains the "Arithmetic of Diophantus," with notes and additions.
Be aware that floating point arithmetic is not exact; matrices that are theoretically equal are not always numerically equal.
I like to perform arithmetic on such figures to see how they add up.
Improvements were made to the boundary cases of floating-point arithmetic.
Each of these gets a chapter, along with a final chapter devoted to floating point arithmetic.
Arithmetic manipulation of past or future sentinels will not change their values, nor cause any error.
At Potsdam the data represent the arithmetic means derived from the Fourier analysis for the individual months comprising the season.
That idea of a method grew up with his study of geometry and arithmetic, - the only branches of knowledge which he would allow to be " made sciences."
From a greengrocer he learnt arithmetic; and higher branches were begun under one of those wandering scholars who gained a livelihood by cures for the sick and lessons for the young.
In an appendix of forty-one pages he gives his third method, "local arithmetic," which is performed on a chess-board, and depends, in principle, on the expression of numbers in the scale of radix 2.
In the Rabdologia the rods are called "virgulae," b'ut in the passage quoted above from the manuscript on arithmetic they are referred to as "bones" (ossa).
To Napier seems to be due the first use of the decimal point in arithmetic. Decimal fractions were first introduced by Stevinus in his tract La Disme, published in 1585, but he used cumbrous exponents (numbers enclosed in circles) to distinguish the different denominations, primes, seconds, thirds, &c. Thus, for example, he would have written 123.456 as 123@4050603.
We see from a statement of Cassiodorus that he furnished manuals for the quadrivium of the schools of the middle ages (the " quattuor matheseos disciplinae," as Boetius calls them) on arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy.
In its charter this institution is described as "an academy for the purpose of promoting piety and virtue, and for the education of youth in the English, Latin and Greek languages, in writing, arithmetic, music and the art of speaking, practical geometry, logic and geography, and such other of the liberal arts and sciences or languages, as opportunity may hereafter permit."
As circumstances allowed, she appears to have taught him reading, writing and arithmetic - acquisitions made with so little of remembered pain that " were not the error corrected by analogy," he says, " I should be tempted to conceive them as innate."
At the age of ten Patrick was making slow progress in the study of reading, writing and arithmetic at a small country school, when his father became his tutor and taught him Latin, Greek and mathematics for five years, but with limited success.
This saves a certain amount of arithmetic, but when the solution is applied in another determination additional calculations are necessary.