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definition

The amine functional group.

definition

Relating to an amine.

By the entrance of amino or hydroxyl groups into the molecule dyestuffs are formed.

The meta-nitrocompound, which is precipitated last, is then reduced, and the amino group so formed is replaced by the hydroxyl group by means of the Sandmeyer reaction.

From meta-brombenzoicacid two nitrobrombenzoic ac i ds are obtained on direct nitration; elimination of the bromine atom and the reduction of the nitro to an amino group in these two acids results in the formation of the same ortho-aminobenzoic acid.

Diamines.-The diamines contain two amino groups and bear the same relation to the glycols that the primary monamines bear to the primary alcohols.

The amino derivatives are stable bases which readily yield substitution derivatives when acted upon by the halogen elements.

The same increase accompanies the introduction of the amino group into aromatic nuclei.

It is to be noted that only traces of the aromatic amines are produced by heating the halogen substituted benzenes with ammonia, unless the amino group be situated in the side chain, as in the case of benzylamine.

With substances prone to discolorization, as, for example, certain amino compounds, the operation may be conducted in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, or the water may be saturated with sulphuretted hydrogen.

It is a powerful reducing agent, and is frequently employed for this purpose in organic chemistry; thus hydroxy acids are readily reduced on heating with the concentrated acid, and nitro compounds are reduced to amino compounds, &c. It is preferable to use the acid in the presence of amorphous phosphorus, for the iodine liberated during the reduction is then utilized in forming more hydriodic acid, and consequently the original amount of acid goes much further.

They are usually yellowish brown or red in colour, the presence of more amino groups leading to browner shades, whilst the introduction of alkylated amino groups gives redder shades.

As the hydroxyl groups in aurin correspond to the amino groups in pararosaniline, two of these in the latter compound must be in the para position.

Since it does not form an addition product with bromine, reduction must have taken place in one of the nuclei only, and on account of the aromatic character of the compound it must be in that nucleus which does not contain the amino group. This tetrahydro compound yields adipic acid, (CH 2) 4 (CO 2 H) 2, when oxidized by potassium permanganate.

The diazonium salts are characterized by their great reactivity and consequently are important reagents in synthetical processes, since by their agency the amino group in a primary amine may be exchanged for other elements or radicals.

When heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid the amino group is replaced by the hydroxyl group and the phenolic eurhodols are produced.

The fate of these inorganiccompounds has not been certainly traced, but they give rise later on to the presence in the plant of various amino acid amides, such as leucin, glycin, asparagin, &c. That these are stages on the way to proteids has been inferred from the fact that when proteids are split up by various means, and especially by the digestive secretions, these nitrogen-containing acids are among the products which result.

It is necessary clearly to distinguish such compounds as the amino- (or amido-) acids and acid-amides; in the first case the amino group is substituted in the hydrocarbon residue, in the second it is substituted in the carboxyl group.

The most important auxochromes are the hydroxyl (- OH) and amino.

The amino group is more powerful than the hydroxyl, and the substituted amino group more powerful still; the repeated substitution of hydroxyl groups sometimes causes an intensification and sometimes a diminution of colour.

Amino derivatives similarly result from thio-ureas and a-haloid ketones; the oxy derivatives from a-sulphocyanoketones by the action of caustic alkali; and the carboxylic acids from chloro-aceto-acetic ester, &c. and thioamides.

Concentrated nitric acid attacks them violently, producing various oxidation products, but if the amino group be "protected" by being previously acetylated, then nitro derivatives are obtained.

By the condensation of ortho-aminophenols with phosgene or thiophosgene, oxy and thio-derivatives are obtained, the (OH) and (SH) groups being situated in the t t position, and these compounds on treatment with amines yield amino derivatives.

Anilides, compounds in which the amino group is substituted by an acid radical, are prepared by heating aniline with certain acids; antifebrin or acetanilide is thus obtained from acetic acid and aniline.

Proteins are made of long chains of even smaller building blocks called amino acids.

It contains corresponding amino acid and nucleotide sequence alignments, with trees inferred from each alignment.

More recently, studies on the role of immediate early gene expression in excitatory amino acid-induced neurotoxicity have been initiated.

The amino acid substitution matrix contains match values for the comparison of all possible amino acid substitution matrix contains match values for the comparison of all possible amino acids.

Sportsmen and women therefore consume more branched-chain amino acids than anyone else, whether they engage in sports involving strength or endurance.

Pyridoxine is required for the synthesis of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA ).

And it provides branched chain amino acids that turn the " burn " into new muscle power.

Studies have confirmed that muscle protein synthesis rates are stimulated as long as blood amino acid concentrations remain high [12] .

The carbohydrate-binding sites of these lectins consist of two conserved amino acids on beta pleated sheets.

Copper also helps convert amino acids into pigment, thereby adding color to hair and skin.

Each set of three bases, or codon, specifies a particular amino acid.

The researchers also found that protein synthesis was not enhanced by the addition of non-essential amino acids.

This essential amino acid is vital in the make up of critical body proteins.

However, the NO boosting power of this specific amino acid is heavily dependent upon the bonded ratio of L-Arginine to AKG.

Codon degeneracy Although there are 64 possible triplet codons, there are only 20 different amino acids coded by them.

Three of the codons are instructions to stop building, which leaves 61 to code for particular amino acids.

These mice provide an important animal model for study of the branched-chain amino acids metabolism and its toxicity.

Nitrogen accumulation methods include measurement of plant tissue N concentration, amino acids, substrate N and foliar ammonium.

This strategy could allow a comparative analysis of metabolism regulation of both amino acids within the same organism.

Formula 4 Feet contains the amino acid arginine, which is the precursor for the formation of nitrous oxide in the tissue circulation.

The amino acid arginine becomes essential during severe stress.

These results are in conformity with the lack of genetic regulation of amino acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces.

Proteins are modified to be mis-folded by making new links between otherwise remote amino acids with disulfide bonds.

Note how, within the plane of the sheet, backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms point toward backbone amino N atoms of the adjacent strand.

That pathway is discussed along with the topic of amino acid catabolism.

Amino acid chelates are extremely stable over the whole pH range found in the gastrointestinal tract.

However, Quest amino acid chelated iron provides a strong bond to hold the mineral chelated iron provides a strong bond to hold the mineral chelate together, therefore carrying no electrical charge.

The spent medium was analyzed for amino acid content by high performance liquid chromatography.